The History we should be aware of :
The list is compiled from the historian
Kota VenkataChalam, and is entirely composed from the unedited version of
Kalhana’s Rajatarangni, with additional sources he identifies in the text on
Chronology of Kashmira Kings. In particular he consults certain Puranas and a
history of Kashmir in Persian written by a Muslim Chronichler. The Muslim
chronicler has identified the names of the 35 missing names in Kalhana’s
Rajatarangni. It turns out that Gonanda II was killed by Parixshita, and rules
Kashmir from Hastinapur. Later his second Son rules Kashmir from Kashmir
itself.
Chronology of Kashmira Kings, as reported by Kota Venkatachela,
obtained from Kalhanas Rajatarangini, original versions, not the so called
critical edition of Stein. Where Kota Venkatachalam points out that the verses
1.49, 1.50, 1.5,1 and 1.54 have been corrupted and modified. As a proof he
shows how these four verses are not in consonance in 1.56 and in the other
portions of the book including the Tanranga 1, of Rajatarangani. He has also
pointed one or two more shalokas of the Rajatarangini, which he shows are also
either corrupted, or intentional changed in the critical edition. So that the
overall chronology would fit the chronology of the Maghada kings given by
another suspect manipulation of Purana chronology. That falsification was
carried out, by misidentifying Chandragupta of Maurya dynasty as contemporary
of Alexander of Greeks. He claims that it is Chandragupta of Gupta dynasty that
is contemporary of the Alexander, as the four names he gives match the names
from Candragupta of Gupta dynasty and the King of rwhome Chandragupta of the
gupta dynasty worked as Senapati. He credibly shows by the following argument
The names given by the Greek chronicler Magesthanese of Indian kings are
Xandrames, Snadrocottus, Sandrocyptus. The The European scholars identify these
names with Maha padma Nanda, Chandragupta and Bindusara or Amitraghata (mother
name of Bindu-Sara of the Mauraya Dynasty of Maghada mentioned in the puranas.
Venkatachalam maintains that this identification is wrong, as two of the Kings
do not match the first and the third King. Instead these match with Chandramas
(also known as Chandrasri and ChandrabIja) who was the last King of Andhra
dynasty removed by his army commander, who followed Bhima. His name was
Changdragupta of Gupta dynasty, and his son Samudragupta of Gupta dynasty. The
simple comparison of the names shows you that the names chronicled by Greek
match the Gupta dynasty names and not the Maurya dynasty names. This mistake
has taken out about 1240 years from the Indian history and neglected, as it is
taught today. This change would cause dis-consonance with the Kashmir history,
so Kashmir history was also impacted by the same 1200+ years.
Here I will give the List of Kashmir Kings starting with four generation prior
to Gonanda-I.
The Kalhana had about 12 previous histories with him, as he
says. He wrote the Rajtarangini, as later chroniclers who had compiled from the
past histories, had introduced supernatural and non-historical elements in it.
So he is reason to write was to weed those falsehoods, keep the historical
portions from those and verify these with archeological sources available to
him. From Goanada to Gonanda III Kings spanned 2268 years.There were 52 Kings
Kings after Gonanda II and prior to Gonanda III. He could locate 17 of these, 4
from Neelamuni (Neelamata PuraNA), Padma Mihira wrote about history of 8 of
these lost Kings, Sri ChchavillakAra wrote about 5 of these missing Kings. It
seems Venkatchella located 35 of the remaining Kings from Mulla Ahemds history
of Kashmir, written in Persian. However notice that Kashmir Gonanda was
contemporary and related to Jarashndha of Maghada. And was killed in Mathura by
BalarAma, when he along with Jarasndha attacked Mathura. We also have 4
generations before Gonanda I, whose names we do not now, but were
contemporaries of the ancestors of ancestors of Jarasandha. So the Kashmir
history starts about couple of hundred years prior to Mahabharata war, i.e
prior to 3138 BC.
Kota Venkatachalam says that prior to Stein, Mr. M Troyer had translated
Rajtarangni in French. He had raised objection to the Buhler and Steins
chronology of Kashmir Kings along with some other historians from Europe, by
pointing out the errors in the chronology presented by Stein and Buhler about
Kashmir Kings. He had also pointed the corresponding error on the chronology of
MAghada Kings to Max Muller. His letter to Max-Muller was noted by Max-Muller,
who writes that, “Although other Scholars, particularly M. Troyer, in his
edition of the Rajatarangni, have raised objections, we shall see that the
evidence in favor of the identity of Chandragupta and Sandrocyptus is such as
to admit of no reasonable doubt” reports Kota Venkatachalam. The above quote is
quoted by Kota Venkatachalam from the following reference. (Vide PP.3-8 of the
Max Mullers history of Ancient Sanskrit Literature Ed. 1859 & The
Alllahabad Edition, PP. 141 – 148)
Kalhana says that the Gonanda dynasty ruled for 2268 years prior
to Gonanda III. That gives us, with Gonanda III being present in 1182 BC, the
total time period Gonanda dynasty period 2268 Years +1182 = 3450 BC. With
Gonanda II being 1 year s of age at Mahabharata war, that occurs in 3138 BC.
This implies that prior to Gonanda II, the Gonandas were ruling for (3450 –
3138- 1) = 311 years. We know when Gonanda II dies as we know when the war on
Mathura by Jarasndha took place. Assuming that to be 100 years, tells us the
ancestors of Damodra I ruled Kashmir for 2100 years prior to Domodra I. We
don’t know their names. But from the reckoning of Kalhana, that Gonanada’s
ruled for 2668 years prior to Giannada II, we come to this conclusion.
The conclusion is imputed from the data, even though we do not
have the names of these ancestors of Gonanda I. I have assumed, along with
Vekatachalam, that Kalhana did not make any mistake, as he had taken the period
from the older texts of Kashmiri Historians.
Chronology of the Kings of Kashmir: The history of Kashmir
starts with 3450 BC:
7 epochs of Kashmir History until Kalhana
1. First starts in Starts from 3450 BC on wards to 3083 BC when
Gonanda II was killed by Mahraja Parixshita the grand Son of Arjuna the Pandava
of Mahabharata fame
2. 3083 BC – 1596 BC (pandava dynasty through the second Son of
Parixshit rules
3. 1596 – 1182 BC Gonanda II dynasty
4. 1182 BC onwards
5. 14 to 19 AD
6. 1012 to 1027 AD
7. 1148 AD onwards
0. Predecessors of Gonanda I (Started in
about 3450 BC to 3238 BC ; 374 – 162 yrs before SaptaRishi Samvat Gonanda
dynasty ruled for 2330 years, Assuming 5 Generations before Gonanda I , Kalhana
mentions the 5 Kings who were ancestors of Ginanda I, were known However their
names were not available.) starting from Goianada I
1.
GONANDA I 3238 BC – 3188 BC; 162-112 Yrsbefore SaptaRishi Samvat)(Related
to Jarasndha was kiled by Balrama when he joined his brother in law Jarasndha
and attacked mathura) PreMahabharata War, within Dvapara Yuga, as Kali started
in 3102 BC, after the MahabhArata war.
2.
Damodara I 3188-3140 BC; 62-112 Yrs before SaptaRishi Samvat Went with Large army to interfere in the
Svayamvara of Gandhara King her Sindhu, and was killed by Krishna, It is said
that he was a Poet.
3.
Yeshovati 3140 – 3139.5 BC; 64 – 63.5 Yrs 62-112 Yrsbefore SaptaRishi Samvat (wife of 2 & Mother of 4; he wife of
Damodara I, and mother of Gonnda II) Pre-Mahabharata
War
4.
Gonanda II 3139.5
B – 3083 BC; (a newly born prince was one year old,was put on throne by Krishna
with Yeshomati in charge as queen) Mahabharata was fought… He was Killed by
Prixhit King os Hastinapur in 3083 BC. As Gonanda II had left no-heir,
Parixshit incorporated Kashmir as part of his kingdom. He ruled it for 40
years)
5. To
39 Names of the Kings not known to Kalhana Mulla Ahmad’s history of Kashmir written
in Persian language gives the list of Lost 35 Kings of Kashmir from 5 to 39th
King 5 Parixshit 3083 – 3041BC (Son of Abhymanyu of Parixshi Pandava King
of Hastinapur rules from Hastinapur. At his death passed the kingdom to his
second Son Heranadeva)
6
Heranadeva 3041 BC – ?? ; 7 yrs-35 yrs 62-112 Yrs SaptaRishi Samvat ; (The Second Som of Parixshit grandSon of
Arjuna Pandava-Kuru)
7.
Ramadeva
8 VyAsadeva
9
Drunadeva
10
Simhadeva
11
Gopaladeva
12
Vijayannanda
13
Skhadeva
14
Ramananda
15
Sandhiman
16
Marhandeva and Kamadeva
17
Chandradeva
18
Anandadeva
19
Srpadadeva
20
Harnamdeva
21
Sulkandeva
22
SInaditya
(TOTAL
OF 34 KINGS FROM 6 TO 39 RULED FOR 1289 YEARS (BL 3535 TO AL 1324 OR 3041 BC TO
1752 BC)
23.
Mangaladitya
24.
Khimendra
25
Bhimasena
26
Indrasena
27
Sundarasena
28
Galgendra
29
Baladeva
30
Nalasena
31
Gokarna
32
Prahalada
33
Bambru
34
Pratapaseela
35
Sangrama Chandra
36
Larika Chandra
37
Biramchandra
38
Bibighana
39
Bhagavanta —1752 BC; BL, 35 – AL 1324 (AL is After Laukika or Saptarishi
samvat started)
(Total of 34 kings from 6 to 39 ruled for 1289 years (BL 3535 to
AL 1324 or 3041 BC to 1752 BC)
(Kings given by Padma Mihira based on the chronicles of Hela
Raja)
40.
Lava 1742 BC – 1713 BC ; 1324 AL- 1368 AL
41.
Kusa 1713 BC – 1674 BC; 1363 AL -142 AL
42.
Khagendra 1674 BC – 1635 BC; 1402-1441 AL
43.
Surendra 1635 BC – 1596 bC; 1441 – 1480 AL (Died with out any child)
44,
Godhara 1596 – 1557 BC; 1480 – 1519 AL (New Kshatriya family takes over)
45.
Suvarana 1557-1518 BC; 1519 -1558 AL
46.
Janaka 1518 – 1479 BC; 1558 – 1597 AL
47.
Sachinara 1479 – 1448 BC; 1597 – 1628 AL (His
paternal Uncle was Sakuni of Gonanda dynasty)
(The list of the allowing 5 kings was given by Sri
Chchavillakara)
48.
Ashoka 1448 BC to 1400 BC (Gonanda Dynasty)
( The grand son, of Sakuni of gonanda dynast, is contemporary of
the Ashoka Mauriya of Maghad 1472 to 1436 BC. European historians, nonchalantly
claimed that the Ashoka of the Kashmir was the same Ashoka as that of Maghada.
He lost the war to Malecha King, who occupied the throne and Ashoka fled to the
forest. He became Buddhist and build the Srinagar, with 90 lakhs of houses,
resplend with wealth. He too appears to have been a poet. )
49.
Jalauka 1400 – 1344 BC; 1676 1732 AL (Son of Ashoka reconquered and ruled)
50.
Damodara II 1344 – 1294 BC; 1676 – 1732 AL
51.
Kanishka-Hushka-Jushka 1294 to 1234 BC; 1782 – 1842 Al (Ruled
at the same time, in adjacent areas & were Turushka brothers; European
historians put him at 78 AD. by claiming that Shalivahana never existed.
52.
Abhimanyu (from Gonanada dynasty) 1234 – 1182 BC; 1842 – 1894 AL(reconquered
it from the Kanishka)
TOTAL
OF 2268 YEARS
53.
Gonanda III 1182 – 1147 BC; 1894 – 1929 AL (Next 2330 years from Gonanda III to
Kalhanas time in 1148 AD, about 2330 years) Kalhanas time is 1148 Ad, Sptarishi
4224 years and Kali 4249 years)
54.
Vibhishana 1147 – 1092.5BC; 1929 – 1983.5 AL
55.
Indrajit 1092.5 – 1057 BC; 1983.5 – 2019 AL
56,
Ravana 1057 – 1027 BC; 2049 – 2049 AL
57.
Vibhishana II 1027 – 991.5 BC; 2048 – 2084.5 AL
58.
Kinnara / Nara 991.5 – 952 BC; 2084.5 – 2124 AL
59.
Siddha 952 -892 BC; 2124 – 2184 AL
60
Utpalaksha 892 – 861.5 BC 2184 – 2214.5 AL
61.
Hiranyaksha 861.5 – 824 BC 2214.5 – 2252 AL
62.
Hiranyakula 824 – 764 BC; 2252 -2312 AL
63.
Vasukula 764 – 704 BC; 2312 – 2252 AL
64.
Mihirakula 704 – 634 BC; 2372 – 2442 AL
65.
Baka 634 – 591 BC; 2442 – 2482 AL
66.
Kshitinamdana 594 – 564 BC; 2512 – 2564 AL
67.
Vasunamadana 564 – 512 BC; 252 – 2564 AL (He was a poet and authored Smara
Shastra)
68.
Nara 512 – 477 BC; 2564 – 2599 AL
69.
Axsha 477 – 417 BC; 2599 – 2659 AL
70.
Gopaditya 417 – 3357 BC; 2659 – 2719 Al (He
built the temple of Shri Adi Shankaracharya in 367=366 BC. (He founded several
temples and Agraharam. And he was a poet.)
71.
Gokarana 357 – 322 BC; 2719 – 2754 AL
72.
Kinkhila / Narendraditya 322 – 285 BC; 2754 – 2791 AL
73.
Andha Yudhistra 275 – 272 BC; 2754 – 2791 AL
(He was called Andha Yudhistra by people because of his having
small eyes; But he was not blind From Gonanda III to Andha Yudhishtra 910 years
passed)
(Pratapaditya
Dynastry) The Kings of Taranga II. Rajtarangani says that Pratapaditya, a
relative of Vikramaditya was brought by the ministers from a distant land and
placed on the throne of Kashmir 272 – 240 BC. Vikramaditya referred here must
be Sri HRSHA VIKRAMADITYA OF UJJAIN 457 BC. KALHANA Says Vikramaditya mentioned
here is not Sakari Vikramaditya of 57 BC.
74.
Pratapaditya 272 – 240 BC; 2804 – 2836 AL
75.
Jalaukasa 240- 208 BC; 2836 – 2868 AL
76.
Tunjina 208 – 172 BC; 2868 – 2904 AL
77.
Vijaya 172 – 164 BC; 2904 – 2912 Al
78.
Jayendra 164 – 127 BC; 2912 – 2949 AL
79.
Sandhimati 127 – 80 BC; 2949 – 2996 AL
——-END of Pratipaditya Dynasty–
KINGS IN TARANGA III
(Dynasty of Andha Yudhistira who belonged to Gonanda dynasty
from 80 BC – 252 AD, 10 Kings )
80.
Meghavahana 80 – 46 AD; 2996 – 3030 AL
81.
Pravarasena 46 – 16 BC; 3030 – 3060 Al or Shreshtasena or Tunjia
82.
Hiranya 16 BC – 14 AD; 3060 – 3090 AL (Elder brother of toramana died issueless
Toramana died in prison. His wife and son were in exile.)
83.
Matrigupta 14-19 AD; 3090 – 3095 AL or 3152-3157 AL (he was sent by Vikramaditya of Ujjain as
Kiing of Kashmir in 14 AD, 3152-3157 year since MB war, 3092-3097 Saptarishi
samvat, Time from Gonanda III and to 83rd King Maitrigupta about 1201 years
passed.)
84.
Pravarasena II 19 – 79 AD; 3095 – 3155 Al (Toramana’s Son)
85.
Yudhistrira II 79 – 118 AD; 3155 – 3194 AL (Contemporary of Salivahana, founder of
Era 78 AD)
86.
Laxshamana or 18 – 131 AD; 3194 – 3207 AL Narayanditya;
87.
Tunjina or Ranaditya 131 – 171 AD; 3207 – 3249 AL (Poet)
88.
Vikramaditya 173 – 215 AD; 3249 – 3291 AL
89.
Baladitya 215 – 252 AD; 3291 – 3328 AL (Son in Law of Baladitya, the last of
Gonanda King )
Total of 332 Years. END OF Gonanda Dynasty
KINGS
IN TARANGA IV. KARAKOTA DYNASTY 252 AD TO 852 AD TOTAL 600 YRS
90.
Durlabha Vardhana 252 – 288 AD; 3328 – 3364 AL (Son in Law of Baladitya; beginning of
Karakota dynasty)
91.
Durlabhaka 288 – 338 AD; 3364 – 3414 AL or Pratapaditya
92.
Chandrapida 383 – 397 AD; 3414 – 3473 AL or Varanaditya
93.
Tarapida 397 – 431 AD; 3473 – 3507 Al or Udayaditya 94. Lalitaditya 431 – 467
AD;3507 – 3543 AL or Muktapida
95.
Kuvalayaditya 467 – 468 AD;3543 – 3544 AL
96.
Vajraditya or Bapyatika or Lalitapida 468 – 525 AD;3544 – 3601 AL
97.
Prithivyapida 525 – 569 AD;3601 – 3645 AL
98.
Sangramapida 569+7days AD; 3645+7days AL
99.
Jayapida 569 – 620 AD; 3645 – 3696 AL (pandit
& poet)
100.
Lalitapida 620 – 672 AD; 3696 – 3748 AL
101.
Sangramaditya II 672 – 729 AD; 3748 – 3805 AL
102.
Chipyata-jayapida 729 – 781 AD; 3805 – 3857 AL
103.
Ajitapida 781 – 837 AD; 3857 – 3913 AL
104.
Anangapida 837 – 840 AD; 3913 – 3916 AL
105.
Utpalapida 840 – 845 AD; 3916 – 3921 AL
106.
Sukhavarma 845 – 852 AD; 3921 – 3928 AL
TOTAL of 600 years. END OF Karakota Dynasty
KINGS
IN TARANGA V. UTPALA DYNASTY 852 AD TO 936 AD, 8 KINGS TOTAL 84 YRS
107.
Avantivarman 852 – 880 Ad; 3928 – 3956 AL (In his court flourished many a poets and
dArshanikas)
108.
Sankaravarman 880- 900 AD; 3956 – 3976 AL (Contemporary of Laiya Sahi, Brahman Kig
of Yavanas, in Uttar Jyotisha & Divya Kataka, & Simhapura – now part of
Afghanistan)
109.
Gopalavarman 900 – 902 AD; 3976 – 3978 AL minor under mother Suganda
110.
Sankata 902 – 903 AD; 3978 – 3979 AL
111.
Sugandha
112.
Suvarma 903 – 904 AD; 3979 – 3980 AL
113.
Partha 904 – 918 AD; 3980 – 3994 AL
114.
Nirjitavarma 918 – 920 Ad; 3994 – 3996 AL
115.
Chakra Varma 920 – 934 A 3993 – 4010 AL (Murdered)
116.
Unmattavanti 934 – 936 AD; 4010 – 4012 AL
Total 84 years —END OF Utpala Dynasty
KINGS
IN TARANGA VI. BRAHAM KINGS 936 AD TO 1012 AD, 10 KINGS TOTAL 76 YRS
117.
Yasakara 936 – 945.5 Ad 4012 – 4021.5 AL
118.
Varnata (1 Month)
119.
Sangramadeva 945.5 – 946 AD 4021.5 – 4022 AL
120.
Parvagupta 946 – 948 AD; 4022 – 4024 AL
121.
Kshemagupta 948 – 957 AD; 4024 – 4033 AL
122.
Abhimanyugupta 957 – 971 AD; 4033 – 4047 AL Minor ruled through Moother Didda
123.
Nandigupta 971 – 972 AD; 4047 – 4048 Al Second son of Dida Minor
124.
Trinhuvanagupta 972 – 974 AD; 4048 – 4050 AL Third Son of Didda & Minor
125.
Bhimagupta 974 – 979 Ad; 4050 – 4055 AL 4th son of Didda Minor
126.
Dida 979 – 1012 Ad; 4055 – 4088 AL (Didda herself reigned)
Total Reign 76 Years. END OF Brahman Dynasty
KINGS
IN TARANGA VII. SATVAHANA DYNASTY 1012 AD TO 1110, 6 KINGS TOTAL 98 YRS
127.
SangrAmaraja 1012-1027 AD; 4088-4013 AL (Nephew
of Dita Devi and belonged to SatvAhana dynasty) contemporary of Trilochan Pala
of Hindu Shahi dynasty of Punjab and Afghanistan who ruled till 1021 And killed
by Mohammad Ghazni)
128.
HariRaja 1012 – 1027 AD; 4088 – 4018 AL
129.
Anantadeva 1027 – 1078 AD; 4108 – 4154 AL
130.
Kalasa /Ranaditya 1078 – 1088 AD; 4154 – 4164 (Pandita and Poet so patron of Pandits
and Poets)
131.
Utkarsha 1088 – ; 4186 – 132. Harsha 1110 AD; 4196 AL
END OF Satvahana Dynasty
TARANGA
VIII. AGNI VAMSI & BRAHMANKSHETRA KINGS 1012 -1110 AD, 6 KINGS TOTAL 38 YRS
133.
Uchchala 1110-1120 AD; 4186 – 4196 AL
134.
Sankharaja
135.
Susala 1120 – 1128 AD; 4196 – 4204 AL
136.
Jayasimha. 1128 – 1148 AD; 4204 – 4224 AL
137.
1148 – 1295 AD;
138.
139.
Simha Deva 1295 – 1324 AD;
From 4th previous ancestor of Gonanda I to 1148 AD, Kalhanas
time total of 4598 Years had elapsed with continuous saga of the Kings Of
Kashmir.
We
had, Gonanda Dynasty – Ist dynasty
Bharata
of Pandava Dynasty rules 1487 years starting with Parixshit, Grand Son of
Arjuna and ending with Surendra 1596 BC.
Gonanda
Dynasty again
Gonanda
II dynasty
Zulfi Kadar Khan apis Dulch, a descendent of Cruel Changez Khan
family invaded Kashmir with 70 thousand cavalry men. He plundered the country,
slaughtered innumerable men and women, young and old and carried away 50,000
Brahmanas as slaves/ Most of these captives while passing through the montain
reof Deva Sar died of Snow Frost.
Simha Deva fled to Kishtiwar & his general Ramachandra
escaped to Gajanjir.
140
Ramchandra: tries
to pick us the threads after Dulcha left. But was killed by Rinchin from Tibet,
married Ramchandr’s daughter, converted to Islam and thus started the
conversion, killing and terror for Kashmir. He died after 25 years.
141
Rinchina 25 years. 1353 AD
142.
Udayan Deva 1327 – 1343 AD (the brother of Simha Deva
comes to power & dies.
143
Shamasudin (Shah mir) 1343 And
rules for 4 years and died. Situation was relatively calm for Hindus.
144.
Sultan Jamshed 1347 – 1348 AD (killed
by his brother Alaudin Sher
145
Alaudin Sher 1348 – 1360
145.
Sultan ShahuDin 1360 – 1378 With
him began the era bigotry and horrible days for hindus. He had many temples
razed
Here we end the Kalhan history. The details after Kalhana up to
JayaSimha and from there forward, the Jonaraja picks up. This is when Islamic
period was to start, and I have just given you the glimpses of that what was to
come from that period till today.
At some stage I will add the Islamic period along with brief
narration of atrocities, and miseries Hindus had to go through in Kashmir.
अस्मद्रूपसमाविष्ठ: स्वात्मनात्मानिवारणे शिव: करोतुनिजया नम: शक्त्या ततात्मन
